Baking Ratios and Tips Cheat Sheet

Golden ratios for doughs, batters, and frostings plus troubleshooting common baking problems.

Basic Baking Ratios (by weight)

Bread Dough

5:3 ratio (Flour : Liquid)

Example: 500g flour, 300g water, plus yeast & salt

Pie Dough

3:2:1 ratio (Flour : Fat : Water)

Example: 300g flour, 200g butter, 100g water

Cake (Basic)

1:1:1:1 ratio (Flour : Sugar : Eggs : Butter)

Example: 200g each of flour, sugar, eggs, butter

Cookie Dough

3:2:1 ratio (Flour : Fat : Sugar)

Example: 300g flour, 200g butter, 100g sugar

Pancake/Waffle Batter

2:2:1:1/2 ratio (Flour : Milk : Eggs : Fat)

Example: 200g flour, 200ml milk, 100g eggs, 50g butter

Troubleshooting Common Baking Problems

Cake sinks in the middle

Cause: Underbaked, too much leavening, or oven door opened too soon

Cookies spread too much

Cause: Too much butter, dough too warm, or insufficient flour

Bread is dense

Cause: Under-kneaded, not enough rise time, or old yeast

Pie crust is tough

Cause: Over-mixed dough or too much water

Dry baked goods

Cause: Overbaked, too much flour, or not enough fat