Heat a large pot over medium heat; add the oil and butter. Allow the butter to foam, then add the garlic and red pepper flakes. Cook until fragrant, 1 minute.
Add the pasta, 6 cups of water, and salt to the pot and bring to a simmer. Reduce the heat to medium-low and continue simmering for 8 to 10 minutes, stirring frequently to prevent sticking, until the pasta is al dente.
Remove from the heat and stir in the parmesan, lemon zest, lemon juice, and basil. Serve topped with more parmesan, basil, and black pepper.