
Hailing from the Lazio region, pasta alla gricia is one of the four classic pastas of Rome, and it's super easy to make with just 4 ingredients.
In a large, high-sided skillet over medium-high heat, cook guanciale, stirring frequently, until deeply golden, 6 to 7 minutes. Remove from heat. Using a slotted spoon, transfer guanciale to a paper towel–lined plate, keeping fat in skillet. Add pepper to skillet and stir until fragrant.
Meanwhile, in a medium pot, bring 4 cups water to a boil; season with salt. Add pasta and cook, stirring to prevent sticking, until pliable but not al dente, 2 to 3 minutes. Drain, reserving 2 1/2 cups pasta water.
Return skillet to medium-low heat. Pour in 1 3/4 cups pasta water and swirl to combine. Add pasta and a small handful of Pecorino and stir to coat. Once cheese is mostly melted, gradually stir in remaining Pecorino, adding more pasta water as necessary to keep sauce silky. Once pasta is al dente, remove from heat and continue to stir until sauce is smooth Fold in guanciale.
Divide pasta among plates. Top with more Pecorino.